Wednesday, August 24, 2011

GOLD news today 24 aug 2011





China's gilded gold market 24 Aug 2011 02:16 GMT

... (WGC), in June said that the world gold price had yet to fully internalize the additional ... China’s demand for gold surpassing that of India for the first time. This has led ... imports might apply upward pressure to global gold prices. Silence golden at PBOC One gold investor ...

Gold Prices Plummet as Stocks Rally 24 Aug 2011 15:30 GMT

... Gold prices were in free-fall Wednesday after orders for ... hand, has been finding support particularly from India, as reported by Commerzbank. "The temporary price ... India." Over the past 11 years the gold price has averaged an 11% gain from mid-August ...

Yesterday's Top Story: One hell of a correction in gold prices could be on the cards - Murenbeeld 24 Aug 2011 08:22 GMT

... Story: One hell of a correction in gold prices could be on the cards - Murenbeeld ... continuing inflationary pressures being built up in India and China which add further support to the gold price while the crisis plays out in the ...

Gold prices slip below Rs 28,000 24 Aug 2011 11:26 GMT

... PTI New Delhi August 24, 2011 Gold and ... trading sentiment to some extent, they said. Gold prices in New York recorded a steep fall of $68 to $1,830.10 ounce last night. Silver also shed 4.21 per ...

Gold prices lose Rs 350 per ten grams 24 Aug 2011 03:36 GMT

... Gold prices retreated from record highs, losing Rs 350, to ... fell USD 12.42, to USD 1,885 an ounce. ...

Gold prices to correct further, right time to buy: Experts 24 Aug 2011 04:06 GMT

... breaking all its previous records, precious metal gold, fell 2% on Tuesday as global equity ... back and marked gains. Experts feel that since gold prices are correcting, it is a right time ... of commodities research at MF Global Commodities India, recommends going long on September silver MCX on ...

Gold Does Not Have A Price, It Is The Price 24 Aug 2011 11:20 GMT

... As gold passed the record $1900 USD mark this ... "the price of gold". and "where the price of gold is going"! The so-called "price ... even though countries as diverse as China, India, Russia, Brazil and Argentina are taking bold steps ...

Is the gold bubble set to pop? 24 Aug 2011 07:06 GMT

... SPECIAL REPORT IS THE GOLD BUBBLE SET TO POP? The incredible rise ... then gold was trading at $200 per ounce, today it is close to $2,000. Gold, ... is a gift given at weddings in India and at Chinese New Year. The burgeoning middle classes in ...

Asia gold buyers rush in on price dip; eco fears linger 24 Aug 2011 08:26 GMT

... striking a record above USD 1,911 an ounce. Prices rebounded as buyers picked bargains, trading ... been warning about an overdue correction in gold prices, but the pessimistic macro environment has encouraged more ... end in the next few weeks, as India embraces its festival and wedding season starting late ...

Asia gold buyers rush in on price dip; econ fears linger 24 Aug 2011 09:20 GMT

... after striking a record above $1,911 an ounce. Prices rebounded as buyers picked bargains, trading ... been warning about an overdue correction in gold prices, but the pessimistic macro environment has encouraged more ... end in the next few weeks, as India embraces its festival and wedding season starting late ...

Gold futures falls to Rs 27,450 on weak global cues 24 Aug 2011 06:46 GMT

... New Delhi, Aug 24: Amid profit-booking at record levels by ... ounce, mainly led to the fall in gold prices at the futures trade here. Also, a ...

Gold drops further by Rs 350, silver sheds Rs 800 24 Aug 2011 11:21 GMT

... Gold drops further by Rs 350, silver sheds Rs 800 New Delhi, Aug 24 (PTI) Gold and silver extended their ... trading sentiment to some extent, they said. Gold prices in New York recorded a steep fall ...

India gold extends losses from peak on profit-taking 24 Aug 2011 10:56 GMT

... it with millions of investors on M3 India gold extended losses from its peak on Wednesday ... metal, which is quoted in dollars. For gold prices in India, click here http://www.moneycontrol.com/commodity/ Get ...

Sean O'Grady: Instability will keep gold on a high - for now 24 Aug 2011 04:22 GMT

... To all intents and purposes, gold is at an all-time high in its ... - now in excess of $1,900 an ounce in trading - and in real terms. ... Bombay Bullion Association expects gold imports in India to top the 1,000-ton mark this year for the first ...

"Everyone, everywhere, is buying gold" 24 Aug 2011 12:21 GMT

... Gold, a safe haven just like the Swiss ... been hovering above the $1,800 (SFr1,421) per ounce (around 31 grams) threshold in recent days, ... one country to another. Big consumers like India, the Middle East or Asia are well organised and ...

Saturday, August 13, 2011

GOLD price inINDIA


According to GATA (Gold Anti Trust Action Committee), about 15000 tonnes of gold has been loaned by the Central banks to the Bullion banks for which they paid about 1% per annum. The Bullion banks then sold the “loaned” gold on the open market and invested the proceeds at 6-7% per annum. It was a sweet deal until the gold prices started to move upwards. Now the bullion banks that are in debt to the Central banks have to buy it back to repay the gold borrowed from the banks. It is therefore in their interest to keep the prices down and in this respect GATA claims that it has collected mountains of evidence to suggest that each time gold rallies, the Central banks are selling more government gold to cap its price. If GATA is right, the short positions of 15000 tonnes or more have the capacity to propel the price of gold much higher than it is today. (Note: A landmark legal case is before a US federal judge alleging a variety of collusive, manipulative activities in the gold global markets. You can track the developments on various gold sites - Check our links section for details)"


Freeing of Indian Gold Imports on Hold as Reserve Bank Puts Spoke in Wheel

6:53p ET Sunday, October 23, 2005

Dear Friend of GATA and Gold:

The news story from India appended here shows the ordinary and candid work of one particular central bank that, fearing competition from gold, seeks to discourage gold ownership among individuals and to steer their wealth into paper financial instruments instead.

The argument over just how productive and socially useful gold is as an investment is an old one, but perhaps even advocates of a system of fiat currency and central banking will have to acknowledge that what is happening in India, as described below, is another skirmish in their long-running war against gold, their war against any standard of value outside their control. That war is waged on one front or another every day.

CHRIS POWELL, Secretary/Treasurer

Gold Anti-Trust Action Committee Inc.

Local Banks Strike it Rich with Gold Coins

By Arindam Saha

India Times / The Economic Times

Haryana, India

Thursday, October 13, 2005

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1260881.cms

MUMBAI -- As the price of gold scales an almost two-decade high, local banks are moving in to take advantage. Their target this time is the gold coin retail segment. Corporation Bank, HDFC Bank, and IndusInd Bank are now jostling for a slice of the pie in this segment of the market.

A small gold coin weighing just 2 gm is being retailed for close to Rs 1,500 by some of the market players keeping in mind the upcoming Diwali and Eid festivals. The banking regulator has now ensured that customers have the choice of buying these coins from either banks or traditional retail gold outlets like Zaveri Bazar in Mumbai.

The latest entrants to the business of hawking gold coins are following in the footsteps of two seasoned players in the market - ICICI Bank and MMTC. And there are many others who are waiting in the wings with similar products lined up.

However, with less than a month to go for this year's festival, latecomers may well miss out on cashing in on a good business opportunity. It is not just the small gift purchases from retail customers that banks are eyeing. Many corporates like HPCL, BPCL and Nabard figure among their list of bulk customers.

Banks, unlike retail gold outlets, offer customers the comfort of proper assaying certificates and hallmarking. Though big retail shops often provide those details on request, several others are yet to follow the global practice. For Corporation Bank, the entry into the gold coins segment is like pouring old wine into a new bottle. It was the first public sector bank to import gold in India after RBI sanction in '97.

"Currently 10,000 gold coins have been imported and all coins have goddess Laxmi's picture," said K Balasubramanyam, senior manager of the bank. Each coin weighs 8 gms and comes with a purity certificate. Almost five years ago, Corporation Bank tried its luck with coins, but the scheme ended abruptly.

IndusInd Bank has also launched similar coins. Coins come in 5-10 gm range with fineness of 99.9%. Any customer can pick up the coins by paying cash up to Rs 50,000 at one time. More than 50 branches of the bank have been designated as sellers of such coins.

Like other, HDFC Bank also sells 24 karat and 99.99% purity gold. All such coins are imported from the PAMP Refinery in Switzerland. However, unlike the other sellers, HDFC does not sell gold in coin shapes. Its 5 gm gold product is available in bars.

With rising gold prices, business has been brisk for banks. Many banks had purchased gold when the prices were low compared to the current price of $475 a troy ounce. However, for the customer, what counts is the day's prevailing price. The sale of gold coins by banks is open to non-bank customers too.

Like banks, PSU MMTC is also in the fray. It offers gold coins ranging from a tiny 2 gm to 20 gm. SD Shindhe, manager of MMTC, said that customers include individuals, retail and corporate entities. It also sells silver coins of 25 gms or more. According to reports, MMTC is targeting to earn close to Rs 2 crore in the festival season.

India Gold Jewelry

India's gold consumption is expected to increase 11% in 2005, because of the lower gold prices and an increase in promotion activities by India Gold Jewelry manufacturers, a senior bullion trader in India told Dow Jones Newswires.

"India's gold consumption will touch 700 tons in 2005, as the gold price is coming down and we are seeing so much advertising of Gold Jewelry," said Suresh Hundia, a prominent bullion trader and former president of the Bombay Bullion Association.

Indian gold consumption was 630 metric tons in 2004. India is the world's largest gold importer and uses 99% of its total gold availability for Gold Jewelry making.

Indian gold sales touched the year's high on Wednesday, as India celebrated Akha Teej festival.

Buying Gold Jewelry is considered auspicious in Akha Teej. This year the gold jewelry buying was phenomenally high because of media hype and advertising by companies," said Hundia.

The demand for gold was so strong during ‘Akshaya Tritiya’ that several traffic jams occured in Hyperbad.

Although Gold Jewelry businesses worked overtime, vehicles were stranded on the arterial roads in Paradise, Begumpet, Panjagutta, Raj Bhavan Road, Basheerbagh, Abids, Dilsukhnagar and several other places.

It took about 40 minutes for commuters to navigate the traffic jams near Amrutha Mall, Panjagutta, which is now a Gold Jewellery hub.

The wide publicity for 'Akshaya Tritiya' by the Gold Jewelery merchants led many to queue up at Gold Jewelery shops in Hyberbad.

Many motorists who could not make it through the traffic jams were seen parking their vehicles and walking to the gold jewellery shops.



Unprecedented Gold Sales in India

The actual Hindustan Times article is here

An estimated 30 tonnes gold sold on 'Akshaya Tritiya' day

Press Trust of India

Chennai, May 12, 2005

An estimated 25 to 30 tonnes of gold, valued between Rs 1,500 crore and Rs 1,800 crore, has been sold during the last five days in Tamil Nadu on the occasion of "Akshaya Tritiya", according to a top World Gold Council (WGC) official.

"It has been absolutely unprecedented. Sales have far exceeded our expectations in Tamil Nadu," WGC-India vice president K Shivarama said.

This metropolis accounted for "slightly" over 25 per cent of the total sales and the maximum sales was on Wednesday, the day of "Akshaya Tritiya", he said.

He said in 2004, in all southern states and parts of Mahrashtra and Gujarat (in WGC promoted areas), the total sales was a mere 15 tonnes.

There are different versions for the celebration of "Akshaya Tritiya", with one story saying that it was the day on which Adi Sankara sang his "Kanakadhara sostra". Another version is that it happens to be the birthday of Lord Parasurama, one of the avatars of Lord Vishnu.

POSTED BY BOB AT 11:56 AM

MONDAY, MAY 02, 2005

High India Gold Prices and Wedding Demand

Reuters has run a story titled High India gold prices dampen wedding demand. A gold trader told Reuters, "gold buying in the western city of Ahmedabad, the India's top market, have dwindled to 800 kg a day from more than 1,000 kg a year ago, while in Bombay they have dropped to 400-500 kg from about 700 kg."

The report goes on to say "Gold demand is good at present but not as good as last year," a bullion dealer based in the southern city of Madras told Reuters.

"Demand in Madras, India's fourth-biggest market, has fallen to about 200 kg a day from 275-300 kg a year ago." Gold Bullion dealers told Reuters.

Bill Murphey from GATA.ORG points out this report fails to note that early May last year world gold prices were falling to the 2004 low in the $370s, having reached the $420s in April. Murphey says that India in other words, was conducting one of its periodic gold buying sprees which occur when the world gold price drops suddenly. Murphey says in perspective, it is surprising demand is so robust, comparatively, this year.

"Gold traders said many gold jewellers were maintaining below average gold inventory as they considered current gold prices too high." People thought gold prices will also fall the way silver price has dropped, but that has not happened so far," Girish Choksi," a bullion dealer in Ahmedabad told Reuters

Murphey says this indicates solid Indian gold buying will continue.

POSTED BY GOLDPRICE AT 9:59 PM

TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 2005

Gold Demand Increases

Gold dealers in India told Reuters that gold buying in India's financial capital of Bombay had surged. With gold demand running at 800 kilos (479 Million Rupee) a day from around 250 kilos (149.8 Million Rupee) in March.

In the western city of Ahmedabad, gold demand doubled to 1,500 kilos (898.8 Million Rupee) a day from 700 kilos (419.4 Million Rupee) a day in March.

Gold Price in Kilos

The marriage season has just began in India and lasts till the end of May. Parents give gold jewellery to their daughters in Hindu marriages in India.

POSTED BY GOLDPRICE AT 5:03 AM

India Gold Jewellery

Chennai will host Gold Jewellery India International Exhibition 2005, from May 20-22, 2005.

The Gold Jewellery Expo is been put on by the World Gold Council and Madras Jewellers & Diamond Merchants Association.

Over 150 gold jewellery manufacturers are expected to be in attendance. They will come from West Bengal, Maharashtra, Surat, Delhi, Agra, Jaipur, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, said K Shivram, Vice-President, World Gold Council.

Gold Jewellery manufacturers from Singapore, Italy, Turkey and Malaysia, are also expected to take part, he said.

"The Exhibition will give opportunities to businesses involved in gold jewellery, equipment, packaging and accessories in India and abroad and to interact and transact business with gold jewellery manufacturers, gold jewellery machinery and packaging manufacturers, importers, exporters, gold jewellery wholesalers and retailers, as well as others connected with the gold jewellery industry," Shivram said.

Around 10,000 trade visitors connected with gold and gold jewellery are expected from India and abroad to visit the fair, said Uday Kumar Vummidi, Chairman of the Exhibition Organising Committee.

South India is the largest and biggest market for gold and gold jewellery in India. The South India market accounts for more than 45 per cent of the total gold demand in India which is 600 tonnes per year.

The Gold Jewellery India International Exhibition will be held at the Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai.

Wednesday, December 9, 2009

Gold Info



Gold
(pronounced
/ˈɡoʊld/) is a chemical element with the symbol Au (Latin: aurum) and an atomic number of 79. It has been a highly sought-after precious metal for coinage, jewelry, and other arts since the beginning of recorded history. The metal occurs as nuggets or grains in rocks, in veins and in alluvial deposits. Gold is dense, soft, shiny and the most malleable and ductile pure metal known. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Gold is one of the coinage metals and has served as a symbol of wealth and a store of value throughout history. Gold standards have provided a basis for monetary policies. It also has been linked to a variety of symbolisms and ideologies.

Gold is the most malleable and ductile of all metals; a single gram can be beaten into a sheet of 1 square meter, or an ounce into 300 square feet. Gold leaf can be beaten thin enough to become translucent. The transmitted light appears greenish blue, because gold strongly reflects yellow and red.[2] Such semi-transparent sheets also strongly reflect infrared light, making them useful as infrared (radiant heat) shields in visors of heat-resistant suits, and in sun-visors for spacesuits.[3]

Gold readily creates alloys with many other metals. These alloys can be produced to modify the hardness and other metallurgical properties, to control melting point or to create exotic colors (see below). Gold is a good conductor of heat and electricity and reflects infrared radiation strongly. Chemically, it is unaffected by air, moisture and most corrosive reagents, and is therefore well-suited for use in coins and jewelry and as a protective coating on other, more reactive, metals. However, it is not chemically inert. Free halogens will react with gold, and aqua regia dissolves it via formation of chlorine gas which attacks gold to form the chloraurate ion. Gold also dissolves in alkaline solutions of potassium cyanide and in mercury, forming a gold-mercury amalgam.


Color

Different colors of Ag-Au-Cu alloys
The color of pure gold is metallic yellow. Gold, caesium and copper are the only metallic elements with a natural color other than gray or white. The usual gray color of metals depends on their "electron sea" that is capable of absorbing and re-emitting photons over a wide range of frequencies. Gold reacts differently, depending on subtle relativistic effects that affect the orbitals around gold atoms.


Use and applications

Gold has been widely used throughout the world as a vehicle for monetary exchange, either by issuance and recognition of gold coins or other bare metal quantities, or through gold-convertible paper instruments by establishing gold standards in which the total value of issued money is represented in a store of gold reserves.

Jewelry

Moche gold necklace depicting feline heads. Larco Museum Collection. Lima-Peru

Because of the softness of pure (24k) gold, it is usually alloyed with base metals for use in jewelry, altering its hardness and ductility, melting point, color and other properties. Alloys with lower caratage, typically 22k, 18k, 14k or 10k, contain higher percentages of copper, or other base metals or silver or palladium in the alloy. Copper is the most commonly used base metal, yielding a redder color. Eighteen carat gold containing 25% copper is found in antique and Russian jewelry and has a distinct, though not dominant, copper cast, creating rose gold. Fourteen carat gold-copper alloy is nearly identical in color to certain bronze alloys, and both may be used to produce police, as well as other, badges. Blue gold can be made by alloying with iron and purple gold can be made by alloying with aluminium, although rarely done except in specialized jewelry. Blue gold is more brittle and therefore more difficult to work with when making jewelry. Fourteen and eighteen carat gold alloys with silver alone appear greenish-yellow and are referred to as green gold. White gold alloys can be made with palladium or nickel. White 18 carat gold containing 17.3% nickel, 5.5% zinc and 2.2% copper is silver in appearance. Nickel is toxic, however, and its release from nickel white gold is controlled by legislation in Europe. Alternative white gold alloys are available based on palladium, silver and other white metals (World Gold Council), but the palladium alloys are more expensive than those using nickel. High-carat white gold alloys are far more resistant to corrosion than are either pure silver or sterling silver. The Japanese craft of Mokume-gane exploits the color contrasts between laminated colored gold alloys to produce decorative wood-grain effects.


Medicine

In medieval times, gold was often seen as beneficial for the health, in the belief that something that rare and beautiful could not be anything but healthy. Even some modern esotericists and forms of alternative medicine assign metallic gold a healing power.[10] Some gold salts do have anti-inflammatory properties and are used as pharmaceuticals in the treatment of arthritis and other similar conditions.[11] However, only salts and radioisotopes of gold are of pharmacological value, as elemental (metallic) gold is inert to all chemicals it encounters inside the body.

Food and drink

  • Gold can be used in food and has the E Number 175.[14]
  • Gold leaf, flake or dust is used on and in some gourmet foods, notably sweets and drinks as decorative ingredient.[15] Gold flake was used by the nobility in Medieval Europe as a decoration in food and drinks, in the form of leaf, flakes or dust, either to demonstrate the host's wealth or in the belief that something that valuable and rare must be beneficial for one's health. Gold foil along with silver is sometimes used on the South Asian sweets including Burfi.

Industry

The 220 kg gold brick displayed in Chinkuashi Gold Museum, Taiwan, Republic of China
The world's largest gold bar weighs 250 kg. Toi museum, Japan.
A gold nugget of 5 mm in diameter (bottom) can be expanded through hammering into a gold foil of about 0.5 square meter. Toi museum, Japan.
  • Gold solder is used for joining the components of gold jewelry by high-temperature hard soldering or brazing. If the work is to be of hallmarking quality, gold solder must match the carat weight of the work, and alloy formulas are manufactured in most industry-standard carat weights to color match yellow and white gold. Gold solder is usually made in at least three melting-point ranges referred to as Easy, Medium and Hard. By using the hard, high-melting point solder first, followed by solders with progressively lower melting points, goldsmiths can assemble complex items with several separate soldered joints.
  • Gold can be made into thread and used in embroidery.
  • Gold is ductile and malleable, meaning it can be drawn into very thin wire and can be beaten into very thin sheets known as gold leaf.
  • Gold produces a deep, intense red color when used as a coloring agent in cranberry glass.
  • In photography, gold toners are used to shift the color of silver bromide black and white prints towards brown or blue tones, or to increase their stability. Used on sepia-toned prints, gold toners produce red tones. Kodak published formulas for several types of gold toners, which use gold as the chloride (Kodak, 2006).
  • As gold is a good reflector of electromagnetic radiation such as infrared and visible light as well as radio waves, it is used for the protective coatings on many artificial satellites, in infrared protective faceplates in thermal protection suits and astronauts' helmets and in electronic warfare planes like the EA-6B Prowler.
  • Gold is used as the reflective layer on some high-end CDs.
  • Automobiles may use gold for heat dissipation. McLaren uses gold foil in the engine compartment of its F1 model.[19]
  • Gold can be manufactured so thin that it appears transparent. It is used in some aircraft cockpit windows for de-icing or anti-icing by passing electricity through it. The heat produced by the resistance of the gold is enough to deter ice from forming.

Production


Gold extraction is most economical in large, easily mined deposits. Ore grades as little as 0.5 g/1000 kg (0.5 parts per million, ppm) can be economical. Typical ore grades in open-pit mines are 1–5 g/1000 kg (1–5 ppm); ore grades in underground or hard rock mines are usually at least 3 g/1000 kg (3 ppm). Because ore grades of 30 g/1000 kg (30 ppm) are usually needed before gold is visible to the naked eye, in most gold mines the gold is invisible.

Since the 1880s, South Africa has been the source for a large proportion of the world’s gold supply, with about 50% of all gold ever produced having come from South Africa. Production in 1970 accounted for 79% of the world supply, producing about 1,000 tonnes. However by 2007 production was just 272 tonnes. This sharp decline was due to the increasing difficulty of extraction, changing economic factors affecting the industry, and tightened safety auditing. In 2007 China (with 276 tonnes) overtook South Africa as the world's largest gold producer, the first time since 1905 that South Africa has not been the largest.[33]

The city of Johannesburg located in South Africa was founded as a result of the Witwatersrand Gold Rush which resulted in the discovery of some of the largest gold deposits the world has ever seen. Gold fields located within the basin in the Free State and Gauteng provinces are extensive in strike and dip requiring some of the world's deepest mines, with the Savuka and TauTona mines being currently the world's deepest gold mine at 3,777 m. The Second Boer War of 1899–1901 between the British Empire and the Afrikaner Boers was at least partly over the rights of miners and possession of the gold wealth in South Africa.

Other major producers are the United States, Australia, Russia and Peru. Mines in South Dakota and Nevada supply two-thirds of gold used in the United States. In South America, the controversial project Pascua Lama aims at exploitation of rich fields in the high mountains of Atacama Desert, at the border between Chile and Argentina. Today about one-quarter of the world gold output is estimated to originate from artisanal or small scale mining.[34]

After initial production, gold is often subsequently refined industrially by the Wohlwill process or the Miller process. Other methods of assaying and purifying smaller amounts of gold include parting and inquartation as well as cuppelation, or refining methods based on the dissolution of gold in aqua regia.

The world's oceans hold a vast amount of gold, but in very low concentrations (perhaps 1–2 parts per 10 billion, e.g. every cubic kilometer of water could contain 10 to 20 kg of gold). A number of people have claimed to be able to economically recover gold from sea water, but so far they have all been either mistaken or crooks. Reverend Prescott Jernegan ran a gold-from-seawater swindle in the United States in the 1890s. A British fraudster ran the same scam in England in the early 1900s.[35] Fritz Haber (the German inventor of the Haber process) attempted commercial extraction of gold from sea water in an effort to help pay Germany's reparations following World War I. Unfortunately, his assessment of the concentration of gold in sea water was unduly high, probably due to sample contamination. The effort produced little gold and cost the German government far more than the commercial value of the gold recovered.[citation needed] No commercially viable mechanism for performing gold extraction from sea water has yet been identified. Gold synthesis is not economically viable and is unlikely to become so in the foreseeable future.

At the end of 2006, it was estimated that all the gold ever mined totaled 158,000 tonnes[36] and its January 2009 issue, National Geographic magazine writes: "In all of history, only 161,000 tons of gold have been mined, barely enough to fill two Olympic-size swimming pools."[1] This can be represented by a cube with an edge length of about 20.2 meters.

The average gold mining and extraction costs[when?] are US$238/oz[citation needed] but these can vary widely depending on mining type and ore quality. In 2001, global mine production amounted to 2,604 tonnes, or 67% of total gold demand in that year.

Gold is so stable and so valuable that it is always recovered and recycled. There is no true consumption of gold in the economic sense; the stock of gold remains essentially constant while ownership shifts from one party to another.